Día de la Revolución Mexicana (día histórico)

The Mexican Revolution, which began on November 20, 1910, was a result of the discontent towards Porfirio Diaz’s dictatorship and triggered a civil war. This date is remembered as a historically significant event that marked the outbreak of the revolution.

Su festivo oficial, tradicionalmente, se traslada al día lunes anterior o posterior a la fecha de ocurrencia original y dependiendo del año.

The Mexican Revolution began on November 20, which is one of the most important events in the history of Mexico.

The dictatorial period, which left a harsh political and economic legacy, is remembered as the outbreak of this insurrection that transformed the country, which is why it is considered one of the most significant armed conflicts in Latin America in terms of its political and social impact.

Causes of the Mexican Revolution

porfiriato
David Alfaro Siqueiros: Del Porfirismo a la Revolución. Castillo de Chapultepec.1957 y 1966. El mural representa una crítica social a Porfirio Díaz.

The causes of the Mexican Revolution were primarily social and political, as it originated mainly from the poor government practices suffered by the needy classes and minorities. This occurred during the 31 years of Porfirio Diaz’s dictatorship, who had governed the country.

Workers and peasants worked without rest, as there were no laws to protect them and they were becoming increasingly poor. A few distributed the benefits among themselves, and there was a social inequality at a lower class level that harmed the majority.

In 1910, a reality was poverty among the population. A change in administration was demanded by the people, as less than 1% of the population held 90% of the land. Additionally, for the indigenous people, peasants, or workers, who had the least to pay, taxes were higher.

Things began to change with the emergence of the opposition leader Francisco Madero. A series of worker uprisings and strikes, which in turn gradually arose, helped in the creation of new political parties.

Furthermore, the spontaneous emergence of workers’ movements throughout the country was causing the Porfiriato to tremble.

Summary of the Mexican Revolution

San Luis Plan: Beginning of the revolution

Porfirio Díaz was chosen in the presidential elections conducted on June 26, 1910, which exacerbated the circumstances. Francisco Madero, his most notable adversary, fled to Texas. In that location, he formulated the widely renowned San Luis Plan.

The people were called to armed struggle and declared the presidential elections null, proclaiming Madero as the provisional president of the nation and leader of the revolution in the Plan.

The events happened a few days earlier than expected, but this did not happen, all Mexicans were supposed to rise up in arms against the government on the date that November 20, 1910 was selected as. Madero, in turn, called for indigenous people and workers for social demands.

The members and representatives of the Serdán family were involved in a gunfight when the representatives arrived at the Serdán household. A police operation was planned on the same day at Serdán’s residence. On November 18th, the Porfirian government had suspicions about the movement headed by Aquiles Serdán, a leader against reelection.

Aquiles stayed at his residence for several hours until he was shot on November 19th and passed away.

Villa Pancho de Francisco and Zapata were led by these leaders. They gave different blows in different points of the country. After this, especially in the northern part of the country, different blows were given.

Ciudad Juárez Peace Treaty and the End of the Porfiriato

After the Capture of Ciudad Juárez, the Ciudad Juárez Treaties are signed, an agreement between Díaz and Madero on May 21 of that same year. Madero returns to the country in 1911.

The resignation is submitted by Díaz, these documents assumed his resignation, and he goes into exile in France, thus ending the Porfiriato regime in the country.

The Tragic Ten and Subsequent Years

vsv
Francisco Madero (primera fila, tercero de izquierda a derecha), fue presidente de México en 1911. En la fotografía Madero aparece junto a otros líderes revolucionarios. Su Plan de San Luis inició la historia de la revolución.

Madero arrives at the presidency in the midst of an uncontrollable social and economic crisis.

Emiliano Zapata formulated the Plan de Ayala, a manifesto in which he disavowed Madero’s presidency and received support from the Zapatistas, on one hand. Pancho Villa led the Northern Division and Pascual Orozco commanded his counterrevolutionary government, on the other hand.

Following the killing of Madero and the concurrent coup d’état, referred to as the Tragic Ten Days, Victoriano Huerta instituted a dictatorship in 1913. Through this, he eliminated any remaining traces of democratic authority within the nation.

In the end, in 1914, because of the force of the approaching revolutionaries from the north, Huerta departed the country.

The End of the Mexican Revolution

The revolutionary and counterrevolutionary struggles between 1916 and 1928 persisted. The pursuit of power did not stop even after the constitutionalist revolution took place.

Plutarco Elías Calles or the declaration of the Mexican Constitution in 1917 serve as some indicators of the conclusion of the Mexican Revolution. However, there is no exact certainty.

Meanwhile, some historians assume that it was not until the 1940s when it should be historically considered that the event ends.